Initial combination therapy for low- or intermediate-risk PAH — ESC · 2022 recommendation
2022 ESC/ERS pulmonary hypertension guideline
For idiopathic, heritable, or drug-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension at low or intermediate mortality risk without cardiopulmonary comorbidities, initial combined oral PDE5-inhibitor and endothelin-receptor-antagonist therapy is recommended.
Class of Recommendation
Class I
Level of Evidence
Level B
Last source-check date
2026-08-23
Exact source location
Recommendation Table 9, initial oral combination therapy
Prepared source-record governance
This record is prepared from a stored source. It is not labelled reviewer-verified because named reviewer provenance has not been documented.
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- Last source-check date
- 2026-08-23
- Second-review status
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Verification status & editorial record
Status: Prepared source record — reviewer provenance not documented.
Last source-check: 2026-08-23
No formally approved public metadata is currently available for a named reviewer, second-review status, conflict declaration, publication or access date, version history, or next review date for this record.
Verification boundary: This concise reference is limited to a prepared source recommendation. Verify the official document, local protocol, and patient context before application.